Essay about Effects of divorce on elementary-school aged...

In America, divorce rates are at an all time high. A divorce between the parents of elementary students can be devastating in a young child’s life. Divorce causes stress for children not only at home, but also at school. Children of divorced or separated parents often have to commute between houses. Not only do they have to deal with the pain of parents separating, they also may feel as if they caused their parent’s problems. Parental divorce has negative effects on children’s academic achievement, social life and success in their lifetime, specifically for elementary school students (Neighbor, 1992; Tucker, Friedman, Schwartz, Criqui, Tomlinson-Keasey, Wingard, Martin, 1997; Kinard Reinherz, 1986). As with any child, a sudden†¦show more content†¦During a divorce the children’s academic performance is often affected by the grief of their parents’ separation. Not only do children have to become accustomed to the change in their environment, but they also have to deal with the lack of time with one parent. Neighbor (1992) also concluded that children from a two-parent family show higher mental aptitude, academic achievement and school grades than children from a single parent family. A child may benefit by having two parents to love and support them in different ways. For instance, a father may offer more tough love and a more realistic approach to things. Stereotypically, fathers also teach children how to throw a ball, ride a bike and how to play sports. On the other hand, mothers can be more nurturing, gentler and kinder. Even though mothers are usually the parent that receives primary custody during a divorce, a father’s influence is critical i n the lives of both sons and daughters. Kinard and Reinherz (1986) also found that the anxiety of a divorcing mother can cause anxiety in their child which could essentially hurt and disrupt the child’s school performance. Not only do marital problems affect anxiety, it also increased attention, withdrawal, dependency and hostility problems. All these problems interfere with school performance and can make learning a challenge for the student, and instruction difficult for the teacher. During theShow MoreRelatedDivorce And Its Effects On Children1343 Words   |  6 Pagesknow that the divorce rate in the United States hovers around fifty percent, including forty percent under the age of 21. In that fifty percent one of every six adults is likely to go through a divorce twice. Not only does divorce affect the adults involved, but forty percent of children in the United States will experience parental divorce (Portnoy, 2008). Children with divorced parents struggle with negative consequences emotionally, mentally, and academically compared to those children from intactRead MoreThe Importance Of Parental Involvement On Children s Life1463 Words   |  6 PagesParental Involvement Many parents have multiple children, while working a nine to five job, attending family activities and meetings, and staying on top of bills and home duties. Family life can get hectic and parents may not take the time to realize their importance in their children’s academics. Some parents may be too busy, and others may simply not care, but their involvement in their children’s life is essential. Whether parents or children realize it, involvement of parents in children’s livesRead MoreHow Divorce Impacts Children Under the Age of 182153 Words   |  9 PagesHow Divorce Impacts Children Under the Age of 18 F. Jeanpierre Psychology Abstract In this research you will see how divorce impacts children under the age of 18.   The effects are not universal. Divorce affects children differently based on their age, personality and sexuality. Divorce affects children both mentally and physically. In this research, you will see how divorce can impact children immediately as well as post divorce. I will start with  infants,  preschool age children, school-agedRead MoreFinal Course Project : Proposal For Group3110 Words   |  13 Pagesfactors that influence divorce, such as adultery, financial strain, and just simply growing apart. Divorce has a huge impact on all of the parties that are involved, especially children. Children may end up in poverty situations as well as deal with a huge range of emotions. Through this group proposal, I will be looking more in depth at the behaviors that elementary school aged children may exhibit when dealing with divorce and how group counseling may help those young children deal more effectivelyRead MoreThe Effects of a Single-Parent Household Essay1634 Words   |  7 PagesChildren and single parenting begins with the divorce of a couple who have children. The majority of children live with their mother. Non custodial fathers usually have less contact with their children, and involvement usually declines as time goes by. Since most single-parent households are mother-headed their income is usually below that of a man, this causes economic distress and fewer opportunities for educational and extracurricular experiences for the child. Economic constraints may limitRead MoreEssay on Effects of Divorce: Larger Than They Seem 2495 Words   |  10 PagesEffects of Divorce: Larger Than They Seem Introduction Imagine a teenage boy, completely happy with a good life and a family that he is close to. He has his own place in the family and a set daily routine that has been in place for over a decade. Now imagine something ripping that family apart. His daily life became anything but routine. Everything changed: his living arrangements, his family’s financial situation, and his security. In America, we call that divorce. According to the American AcademyRead MoreFrance : A Cultural And Cultural Country2096 Words   |  9 Pagesdifferent nationalities and many religions. They follow the strict sets of biblical catholic rules. France is one of the European countries that have the highest fertility. Mostly the couples get married in late twenties and have an average of two children. Mostly the age of women who gave birth for the first time is below 30 in average. Since 19th century the French politics started to deal with the man and woman responsibilities in the family so that each parent were assigned duties which was resultRead MoreThe Effects Of Social Support On Children1949 Words   |  8 Pagesrated by children, teachers, and parents.† (Amato, 2000, p.1281). Despite the reports of increased risk for children of divorced families, studies show that in the long term, children from intact families are no better off than their peers whose parents divorced. Impact on Children Emotional, behavioral and Academic challenges are prevalent in children of all ages but can emerge differently depending on age as well as gender. Anger is the most common emotional impact on children of divorce. StudiesRead MoreBullying Is A National Tragedy That Claims The Lives Of1575 Words   |  7 PagesBullying is a national tragedy that claims the lives of thousands of young children and teenagers every year and even though there is national spotlight on the issue, there seems to be little done about it due to the constant ability to change around the old prevention methods and the expansion of loop-holes. The effects of bullying have deep emotional trauma because nobody likes to be circled out from a group and get picked on knowing that you’re always going to be the center of attention and hateRead MoreDisruptive Behaviors2943 Words   |  12 Pages(1992), discipline is defined as â€Å"behavior in accord with rules of conduct.† It is an essential part of cla ssroom management. Discipline in the classroom enables a teacher to focus on the task at hand, which is education our children. It also keeps a classroom or school in order and created a safer environment in which to learn. Disruptive behaviors in the classroom affect not only the student involved but also the teacher and other students. For example, if a student exhibits disruptive behavior

Third World Democracy and Media - 909 Words

When I was a kid I wanted to be a cricketer or an astronaut. An unusually high backlift contributed to the demise of my juvenile cricketing career. (I still harbor hopes of being a part-time astronaut). I withdrew to a life of reading. A sense of the wider world gradually imprinted itself upon me. In my adolescence I turned, I now realize, an idealist. Perhaps that explains my trying to start an unmanned Honesty Cafe (I lost my investment ) and actually trying to sell my angsty, somewhat dubious poetry (with surprising success). My activist chops were built protesting student stipend-cuts. I visited Sri Lanka on an internship after the brutal civil war, trying to understand what suffering and resilience meant. There, I taught Tamil†¦show more content†¦Being in such an environment that is close to and intersects the real world of news reporting would make my transition from a rookie to a fully equipped international journalist relatively easy. The faculty at Mizzou, some of whose work Ive read and admired, were a major reason for considering this Program, coupled with the fact that Im offered almost unparalleled flexibility in course structuring. I value in-depth, indefatigably researched and elegantly written or produced journalism that both exposes and explains the human condition, and this is something I aspire to do. I want to be able to produce stories that shed light on the choices facing our world and how the actions of some influence the lives and livelihoods of millions of others, even if the actions be undramatic or unsensational. 3. How accurately does Media in Western democracies portray the Third World, and what is its relationship with Western policy? When it is not the site of disaster, war or terrorism, much of the Third World is largely ignored by Western media. An exception is made when Western interests are perceived, correctly or not, to be involved. In all of the above scenarios an unhealthy proportion of Western Media coverage has been superficial, inaccurate and in certain cases, obfuscatory. This leaves the citizenry in Western democracies powerless to gauge the natureShow MoreRelatedIn This Part Of The Essay, Tunisia And Libya Are Discussed1716 Words   |  7 Pagesmembers of the media. In an observation released by the Freedom House website, a US- based non-governmental organization that advocates human rights and freedom rated Tunisia as ‘not free’ and scored bad marks on freedom rating, civil liberties and political rights. The analysis was made on numerous elements that representing the media and civilian freedom and how the authority exerting their power to manipulate the election’s result. F or so long under Ben Ali’s rule, the members of the media and humanRead MoreSocial Media and Democratic Reform868 Words   |  4 Pages Social Media and Democratic Reform I) In this paper I prove that the TedTalk related to Political and Cultural Globalization by focusing on social media use in The Pro-democracy Revolution and how it has affected democratic reformation. A) A comparative essay between the Jasmine Revolution of Tunisia and the Jasmine Revolution of China. B) How social media affected the outcomes of both of the revolutions. 1) Social Media was the leading force in Tunisia 2) Social Media did not win the ChineseRead MoreThe Main Components Of A Democratic Political System1388 Words   |  6 PagesAbraham Lincoln perfectly touches upon the essence of democracies. In this essay, I will describe the different types and aspects, as well as the components of a democratic political system. Then, I will explain how they can be undermined through the abuse of power, money, inequality, and, of course, the media. The purpose of this list is not to be exhaustive, but for the sake of this essay, I will limit myself to the above. The term Democracy comes from the Greek language, and means ruled byRead MoreCalifornia Politics And Government : A Practical Approach1444 Words   |  6 Pagesturmoil, infrastructure, workingmen’s party and World War II. The growth, reform and progressive change of the state to what it is today is also highlighted in the book. California previously faced budget deficits and was declared a failed state. However, due to political reforms, new leadership, economic revival and proper budgeting, the state is set for a comeback. Political Parties The second chapter is about the political parties and direct democracy in California. The chapter discusses the officialRead MoreComparing Chomsky And Plato s Time1686 Words   |  7 Pagesphilosophers, in manufacturing consent Chomsky believes the rulering class should be replaced with the masses and democracy. Some of the reasons for this different mindset is the environment they were in at the time of righting their books. So first, I would like to compare and contrast people and their environments from Plato’s time with Chomsky’s. During Plato’s time Athens was a democracy, kind of like our times where we are a democratic republic. During Plato’s time most people could not read orRead MoreDisadvantages Of Mass Media1537 Words   |  7 PagesMass media is an extensive word used for all the forms of technology through which information can be disseminated. Mass media refers to the communication devices which are used to converse and interact with a lar ge number of audiences in various ways and languages. It has become an inseparable part of our lives, be it the pictorial messages of the earlier times or the high technology media available today. Apart from entertainment, mass media also is an effective way of communication, spreadingRead MoreThe First Wave Of Democratization1177 Words   |  5 PagesDemocratization 1. The two articles are 1) Huntington, Samuel. 1991. The Third Wave: Democratization in the Late 20th century. Norman: University Oklahoma Press. Selected pages and 2) Lipset, Seymour M.   1994.†Ã‚  The Social Requisites of Democracy Revisited.†Ã‚   American Sociological Review, 59,1: 1-22. Samuel P. Huntington scrutinizes the Third Wave of Democratization in four parts: 1) The Start of the Third Wave, The Meaning of Democracy, The Waves of Democratization, and The Issues of Democratization. TheRead MoreComparing Media Systems : African Background Essay1446 Words   |  6 PagesComparing media systems African Background Changes in mass media and democracy began to prosper and see the light in Africa once the external pressures of the west diminished post-cold war and after the fall of the Berlin Wall. One of the main problems the African region faces in regard to media systems results from the fact that these countries were once colonized. The reorganization and structure of the region draws on the traditions of former colonial powers without considering the habitatRead MoreThe Rise Of Islamic Extremist Groups769 Words   |  4 Pages55 muslim-majority nations in the world are that U.S. administrations mostly support dictators in the Muslim world, as long as they are allies and follow american orders , ignoring their records on human rights, accountability, and democracy.many of the countries are dysfunctional corrupt repressive state neither willing nor capable of reform yet americans will support them if they are a use to American needs there are many positive signs that the muslim world are moving towards more liberal democraticRead MoreTechnology Is A Positive Tool1594 Words   |  7 Pages Technology Is a Positive Tool In the anthology Points of Departure by Michelle J. Brazier, two writers have compelling arguments about the influence of technology. In Ian Bremmer’s essay, Democracy in Cyberspace: What Technology Can and Cannot Do for Us, he argues that modern communications and technology are just mediums or tools because they can be used for various purposes. In Malcolm Gladwell’s essay, Small Change: Why the Revolution Will Not Be Tweeted, he argues that social networks are hurting

The Implications of the Phrase “Existence Precedes Essence.” Free Essays

Kung Tzu or Confucius as he is better known as was born in 551 BC and was a Chinese thinker and teacher (as he preferred to see himself) developed a system of philosophy and religion known as Confucianism. One part of his thoughts in particular are currently of interest to us; his views on human nature. Confucius believed that human nature is neither good nor evil, but develops through out one’s life. We will write a custom essay sample on The Implications of the Phrase: â€Å"Existence Precedes Essence.† or any similar topic only for you Order Now The actions, choices and thoughts of every person all contribute towards a person’s nature; and as a result of this thought he justified that there is no collective human nature and that human nature varies from person to person. This may be summed up into one phrase: â€Å"existence precedes essence†. The statement in this case would mean that people are born without any nature as such, and are neither good nor evil to begin with; quite simply they’re like a hollow husk with no character, soul or substance (mental and emotional) that would make them human. The character develops and grows as a person experiences live and all the challenges and rewards that accompany life and is reflected through the actions and decisions of each person. This would imply that every individual is born with a ‘clean sate’ and are thus free to determine the direction of their existence weather for good or evil as a culmination of their lives thus far. It also means that all human beings are born equal (at least on a moral plain) because every individual at birth has no essence or soul; quite simply, they may be compared to animals.It is their lives and experiences that shape who they are in essence and their actions and choices that reflect who they are. Further more as a result of the equality implications is could be deduced that all people regardless of their economic or social class are equally capable of committing good and evil and no individual is incapable of committing either good or evil regardless of their social or economic class. How to cite The Implications of the Phrase: â€Å"Existence Precedes Essence.†, Papers

Employment Agreement For Employees Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Employment Agreement For Employees. Answer: Introduction: Various point needs to be considered while preparing the employment agreement for employees or subcontractors. The following points needs to be considered by the managers while drawing up the agreement. Termination: it is important that the company defines the procedure of ending the contact even before it begins. Since failure to do may result in painfully lengthy and cumbersome processes. Confidentiality: It must be mentioned in the contract that the contracted employee must deal with sensitive information received from the client in a sensitive manner. In addition to that it is the responsibility of the employee to maintain a high level of confidentiality of the business information. (Freedland et al 2016) Payment: While making the payment to contractual workers it is important to consider the level of customer satisfaction and service delivery efficiency. Insurance: It is important to ensure that the subcontractors and employee are aware of his/her obligation. It is advisable not to incorporate any detail without checking with the suppliers. Attitude and personality: If the branding policy of the company demands a certain type of attitude and personality it is mandatory to ensure that the subcontractors or regular employees are aware of it. Responsibility: The agreement must mention the level of empowerment given to the employees. As a manager it is imperative to remember that the level of pride that the employees take is directly proportional to the contribution he/she makes to it. Customer expectation: The employment agreement must also have a scope to include a client involvement agreement. This document must highlight the interactional criteria between the clients and the company. It is important that the employees and the subcontractors understand it in order to keep up with the effective communication process. (Shields et al 2015) Conclusion: The Commonwealth Independent Contract Act 2006 aims to provide the opportunity to independent contractors to enter the service agreements. The act gives legitimate right to the independent contractors to work. This act forms the base of the agreement that is drawn up for the contracted employees. Passed by the Rudd government, the Fair Work act was passed in the 2009. This act regulated the aspect of collective bargaining monitoring the terms under which employees can be hired. This act aims to establish a productive workplace relation which leads to the growth of social inclusion of all individuals. Both of these acts must be focused upon while preparing the employment agreement for both subcontractors and employees. Overview Work instruction is an important aspect which helps the employees effectively to move on a specific path and effectively operate a task. The work instruction provides the basic steps to complete a task and manage the operations in a chronological process. The work instruction is considered highly important for most of the organisations since they think it as a mandatory requirement rather than being just a process. The work instruction helps to improve the overall procedure of work. Even though procedure and work instruction is used in exchange to each other but there is a significant difference in their meanings and operations. The work instruction is a step by step process which helps to complete a job effectively (Twomey, 2012). In the present case the work instruction is developed in order to work on the inclusion of the aspect of restraint of trade clause in the employment contract. The scenario at the present moment is such that most of the managers are now trying involving res traint of trade which becomes a bit harsh for the employees. It is undeniable that certain level of restraint of trade is important for the employees but having harsh restraint of trade with over two years could definitely affect their career and hence it is important to have a stronger and effective strategy to implement restraint of trade clause in the employment contracts. In this work instruction the managers working in the HR department of the organisation will be provided with the basic steps which would help to maintain a proper balance in the employee activities and for the employers (Glynn, Arnow-Richman and Sullivan, 2015). Objective The main objective of writing the work instruction on restraint of trade clause is to have a proper balance in the employer-employee relationship. Harsh restraint of trade affects the career of the employees and the employers gain bad reputation which increases employee attrition and affects acquisition of talent that leads an organisation to success. Hence it is important for the organisations and the HR managers to effectively manage this clause and assess its priority and use which would help to understand how this clause needs to be used. The work instruction is discussed in order to implement restraint of trade clause but with reasonableness (Twomy, 2012). Work Instruction for the inclusion of Restraint of Trade in employment contracts Restraint of trade is an aspect which most organisation feel necessary but at times it becomes harsh for the employees since in some of the contracts it might affect their overall career progress. An employer is not authorised nor have any right to stop the career of an employee abruptly by imposing such harsh restraint on trade and hence it is important to develop a work instruction which the managers will follow in order to implement restraint of trade clause in the employment contracts. The restraint of trade should be practiced in such a way that it doesnt harm both the employers and the employees. The IRAC model will be used to state the instructions effectively. The issue identified in this case is the harsh imposition of restraint of trade and this could affect the employer and employee relationship. The Restraint of Trade Act 1976 clearly states that restraint of trade in consumer market and even in employment will not be applied if its unreasonable. In the recent decision by the Victorian Supreme Court of Appeal in Wallis Nominees (Computing) Pty Ltd (2013) VSCA 24 has clearly showed that the Australian Government and court will not agree with harsh and unnecessary restraint of trade. The basic rule stated by the Competition and Consumer Contract Act 2010 is that restraint of trade will be considered void until and unless the restraint of contract is reasonable in the interest of the parties and they are reasonable in the interest of the public. The application and analysis of the above acts is important which would help to make sure the restraint of trade is managed effectively and implemented effectively. The case of Nordenfelt v Maxim Nordenfelt Guns Ammunition (1884) AC 353 clearly showed that the court will consider restraint of trade effective only if it is in the interest of both the parties which was clearly reflected in this case as the court held that Nordenfelt will not manufacture armaments for 25 years but after that it will be open to compete with Maxim. Another case where the court considered restraint of trade too harsh is Sear v Invocare Aust (2007) WASC 30 where a funeral worker was restrained for work in Perth for five years which is clearly unnecessary and unreasonable. Drawing conclusion from the above discussion it could be said that the managers should focus on having the restraint on trade clause included in the employment contract keeping in mind the reasonableness of the situation and should focus on taking into account the interest of both the parties or else the Court will not consider it valid. References: Freedland, M., Bogg, A., Cabrelli, D., Collins, H., Countouris, N., Davies, A.C.L., Deakin, S. and Prassl, J. eds., 2016.The contract of employment. Oxford University Press. Glynn, T.P., Arnow-Richman, R.S. and Sullivan, C.A., 2015. Employment law: Private ordering and its limitations. Wolters KluwerLaw Business. Shields, J., Brown, M., Kaine, S., Dolle-Samuel, C., North-Samardzic, A., McLean, P., Johns, R., O'Leary, P., Robinson, J. and Plimmer, G., 2015.Managing Employee Performance Reward: Concepts, Practices, Strategies. Cambridge University Press. Twomey, D., 2012.Labor and Employment Law: Text Cases. Cengage Learning. Case Laws Nominees (Computing) Pty Ltd (2013) VSCA 24 Nordenfelt v Maxim Nordenfelt Guns Ammunition (1884) AC 353 Sear v Invocare Aust (2007) WASC 30 Statutes The Restraint of Trade Act 1976 Competition and Consumer Contract Act 2010

Essay Examples on Homer Essay Example

Essay Examples on Homer Paper 1st Essay Sample on Homer Homer is declared as the most important poet of the ancient Greece and maybe lived 800 years BC. Today it is not finally sure though this person really existed and if he alone created the two major and most pioneering epics of the Greek antiquity, which we know today as Iliad and Odyssey. These days it is a very controversial discussion if only one person can be responsible to these huge epics and should earn honour for these absolute examples in the occidental world on which the whole linguistic means of epic was defined and maybe born. The Odyssey tells the story of Odysseus, his odyssey and returning to Greece. The Iliad tells the story about the siege of Troy and of the Trojan War lasting ten years. Linguistics and historical evidence allowed the supposition that these epics have been written in a settlement on the west coast of Asia Minor sometime in the 9th century BC. The epic style on which we, as linguists, are interested does not make a real distinction between the two epi cs, so that the origin seems to be the same. Both are written in a impersonal and formal verse, dealing with some kind of language that would be never used within an ordinary discussion. What makes the difference and let many readers think they had different origins is that the Iliad deals with passion and insoluble problems although there are no villains. Nevertheless are all the actors also victims of an extremely tragic universe. On the other hand, the Odyssey deals with a totally differing set with no passion at all. The whole set is more gloomy and maybe treats a better world in which the wicked are destroyed and the honest prevails. These two are Homers most signifying works but he also wrote series of relatively short poems about the various gods of ancient Greek. The so-called Homeric Question asks for homer the individual. 2nd Essay Sample on Homer As I explored the Museum of Fine Arts, I came upon a portrait that I enjoyed.As I looked at this work of art longer and longer, I decided I wanted to do my Fine Arts paper on â€Å"Driftwood† by Winslow Homer.The painting is located in the Gund Gallery and adjacent to the Fenway stairs.Being secluded because of a beam, much attention is drawn to this magnificent painting.It is especially protected due to its location. In the entrance across the hall sits a security guard watching over the gallery it presides in.This life-like picture spans 24 1/2 x 28 1/2 in. Its frame was wisely chosen and is gold in color.The frame complements the colors used in the canvas.The design of wavy lines in the frame gives not only the frame character, but also the portrait. The painting â€Å"Driftwood† takes place in Prout’s Neck, Maine.†This is where Homer lived for twenty-seven years before he died.Homer painted â€Å"Driftwood† in 1909, the year before he died. This was the last work Homer ever completed (MFA, â€Å"Driftwood†).†To sum up the painting, a man is trying to save a huge tree trunk that was washed up on rocks next to the raging sea.He looks very wet and the water is dangerously close to him.The trunk is extremely large and I doubt he will ever move the figure with just the rope he has in his hand.I believe that Homer is trying to express determination and the willingness to succeed by showing one man trying to save a very large tree trunk.He adds the stormy weather to show that the man will stop at nothing to do what he believes is right.This is an all out fight between man and nature and unfortunately, nature usually wins. Homer’s work for the most part is nonobjective in its subject matter.The rough water shows the power of Mother Nature in a beautiful setting.The green-gray sky portrays a terrible storm hitting the shores. We will write a custom essay sample on Essay Examples on Homer specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Essay Examples on Homer specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Essay Examples on Homer specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

Methadone Use for Opiate Addiction essays

Methadone Use for Opiate Addiction essays I believe that methadone use for opiate addiction treatment has both pros and cons. Methadone is a long-acting opioid used exclusively as substitution therapy for individuals unable to remain abstinent from short-acting opioids and according to studies the gold standard treatment for opiate addiction. There is scientific evidence that the use of methadone in a proper dose to a tolerant person results in absolutely no physical or psychological impairment of any kind that can be detected by the patient, physician, or scientist. For example, there is no impairment of balance, coordination, mental abilities, eye-hand coordination, depth perception, pyscho-motor function, or moral judgment. According to studies the methadone maintained person can offer better assurances of ongoing sobriety and abstinence than other persons that are not being supervised and monitored with regular random urine drug screens. With that said, there are many methadone clinics in this area that do monitor p atients in-house for a short period, then the patient is allowed to come to the clinic only to take the methadone in front of an employee, and then given a prescription to have the methadone filled at a pharmacy and taken on their own. They too are given urine screens but since methadone is detected in urine for up to TWELVE days the person can take one pill weekly (just to be safe) and sell the rest, putting the rest of the methadone tabs on the street. Like in the case of Bobby G. England, he too was going to a methadone clinic that was supplying him with a months supply of methadone that he was apparently selling. I feel that if a person does attend a methadone clinic it should be short term only and a tapering dose should be given with the final result being the person is drug-free (including methadone). I also believe that methadone maintenance is a money maker for clinics. If a physician says that a patient needs methadone for life ...

Influence of Greece Debt Crisis on Overall Balance of Payments in The Essay

Influence of Greece Debt Crisis on Overall Balance of Payments in The EU - Essay Example This paper describes the influence that Greece debt crisis had on European monetary policy. The overall monetary policy of the EU has been modified. The Greece crisis had affected the demand of money in the region. The issue of balance of payment usually involved the goods and workers movement across all member states this come with the abolishing of tariffs between member countries. They included transport of goods between countries; people working along the countries had the flexibility of working along the countries without any limitations. For the case of Greece the European Union found a sense of imbalance and there was need of invention. As requested the EU suggested measures and action. The measures were taken to ensure a balance of payment. It engaged in a semiannual strategy. This was to close the deficit to 3 per cent since there was an assumption that the deficit of GDP in 2010 was 4.2 per cent. There was need to revise the figure given by the Greece authorities the figures had changed and need revise them, in a bid to ensure balance. As much as there it was a collective role of the region in controlling the foreign exchange, it advice the Greece government to ensure that it sells its reserved to ensure a balance in the foreign exchange holdings. This in term ensured the balance of payment of the region’s currency this was to ensure an equal equivalent capital inflow. The balance of payment is not only a one state affair but it involves the entire continent and the world as a whole. ... 45). For the case of Greece the European Union found a sense of imbalance and there was need of invention. The EU through the European commission contemplated on measures to undertake. As request the EU suggested measures and action. The measures were taken to ensure a balance of payment. It engaged in a semiannual strategy. This was to close the deficit to 3 per cent since there was an assumption that the deficit of GDP in 2010 was 4.2 per cent. There was need to revise the figure given by the Greece authorities the figures had changed and need revise them, in a bid to ensure balance (Jonung, Martin and Jonas, 2008, p. 34). As much as there it was a collective role of the region in controlling the foreign exchange, it advice the Greece government to ensure that it sells its reserved to ensure a balance in the foreign exchange holdings. This in term ensured the balance of payment of the region’s currency this was to ensure an equal equivalent capital inflow. Thus a surplus in the economy was been experienced in that there was to be an increase in the imports and hence forcing the Bop in an equilibrium. Risks where on the rise in Greece and the rate was described as dramatic, government bonds and the increasing awareness and securities. There was need to safe guard the effects of financial effect in the entire euro zone. There was doubt that Greece will pay all its debt including the accrued debts without affecting its economy or there was also a doubt whether they were in opposition to pay the debts at all. The debate continued till the beginning of May in 2010 when the matter was not only a debate but the reality. There was need of intervention and on May second it requested for

Uncertainty and Risks in Entrepreneurship Essay

Uncertainty and Risks in Entrepreneurship - Essay Example When operating a small business enterprise it is imperative to reflect on the factors that influence both the internal and external environments of the business. The failure to observe the internal and external environments will render the functioning of a business system useless. This is because the small business enterprise will occasionally face obstacles in the daily operations and management. This paper discusses how the ability to cope with uncertainty and to take risks affects the operating environment of a small business enterprise. Small business enterprises nowadays are on the rise. Individuals have developed the urge of operating businesses that will bring them extra cash to cater for their ever-increasing needs. However, operation and management of any small business enterprise is not an easy task, as it requires an individual with skills, attributes, determination and disciple. It is imperative for an individual operating a business enterprise, to have the above elements since they will help when the time of facing the internal and external environment comes. In essence, taking risks and coping with uncertainty are matters that are associated with the internal and external environment of a small business enterprise. ... Managers cope with uncertainty in a reactive manner by developing adaptive strategies to counter the effect. This is so since they are beyond the immediate control of the business enterprise. As much as uncertainty is beyond the control of an individual, business enterprise, it still influences the daily operations and management of a business enterprise. Examples of uncertainties are external factors such as the economy, government policies and demographics. In most occasions, uncertainty affects a business enterprise negatively. Individuals who have taken the management role in any small business enterprise should apply a positive management attitude when coping with uncertainties. Uncertainty is unpredictable and unexpected, and that is why only the individuals with management skills and positive attitudes can have the ability to cope with uncertainty. A manager may think that he, or she has everything pertaining to a business enterprise in control, but uncertainties in the form o f government policies, competition, economical shifts and demographical changes can prove wrong a manager’s initial judgment (Gigerenzer 2008: 34). The first factor that can be a great uncertainty is government policy. It is likely that at times, the government can come up with an unexpected policy that will ultimately affect the operations of a business enterprise. A skillful manager is expected to develop coping strategies that will end up minimizing the disadvantages while maximizing the advantages, which are part the uncertainty that has been brought by the government policy. For example, government policy can entail increasing or decreasing taxes on a commodity that the business enterprise in question is selling.

Robinson Crusoe Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Robinson Crusoe - Essay Example Daniel Defoe had done a good job to bring Robinson to the wilderness of deserted island by a shipwreck, which was essential for the rebuilding of his own future. It was the only event which was a turning point in the life of Robinson Crusoe. It was the ending of his otherwise prolonged journey. The moments he spent there were teaching him new lessons. Slowly he recognized the environs, the features, the objects which were offered to him. In his own words, â€Å"the total nature itself fetch him essentials for his life†. The fear of solitude surrounded him there. This led to the construction of his shelter. It was necessary for him to become self sufficient in every matters like food, drink, animal husbandry, and plantations. When he noticed the miraculous growth of the corns he realized that these are the results of fate ,"for it was the work of Providence as to me, that should order or appoint, that the ten or twelve grains of corn should remain unspoiled, as if it had been d ropped down from Heaven" ( Defoe, 79). Man has such a particular nature to develop special qualities for the improvement in a totally alien surroundings. Defoe filled his hero with the power and strength. For this he uses his own religious believes also. It is Crusoe’s Christianity that helps him to attain richness both spiritually and financially. In that way he became a real colonizer. Thus Defoe represents the island as a symbol of the outside world. All the time Crusoe was trying to recreate his past life. There was surely a conflict arises in the mind of Crusoe, a conflict that of a civilized man and unsophisticated circumstances. Every actions of the hero were that of a civilized man. He learnt to meet all the necessities from the neighboring materials itself. The materials and the nature itself generated ideas in the mind of the hero. These ideas can be treated as intuitions or insights the primitive man was

Audience Studies in Media

Audience Studies in Media The study of the audience has been very important in the media studies, since the power of the media in relation to the media audience could form how the society would work, what the public opinion would be and what political ideals would dominate. That is why the relationship of the audience and the media has been studies by scholars and academics since a very long time ago, leading to many theories about the subject to be developed and to a certain debate between the conceptualizations of the media audience. This essays aims to give a brief explanation of what the audience is, why it should be studied and then critically compare two conceptualisations of the media audience, the passive and the active one. The comparing will be done by presenting each theory’s main thesis and comparing them by analysing specific studies and approaches that were conducted to support each theory. Any group of people who are gathered in the same place and act as observers or spectators of something are considered an audience (Media and Communications course, Lecture 6: Media Audiences/lecture slides). Audience has existed since ancient times, particularly in Ancient Greece where people gathered in town centres to discuss about community problems. What we nowadays refer to as a media audience has been developed through the years as a result of industrialization, technological developments and several changes in people’s everyday lives. When people started to massively move from villages to industrialised cities, a mass society began to develop so it also became important that this new form of audience had to be studied in relation to the media of its time. What influence the media had on the audience, how the audience used the media in their everyday lives and how the media industry could attract more audience for their own profit (Williams,2003, McCullagh,2002) The main views on the mass society or mass audience research, that first appeared in the 1920s-1930s (McCullagh, 2002) were that the audience was consisted of a large public of consumers of mainstream media texts who were influenced by the rapid changes in society, the unstable family ties due to urbanization and the anonymity of the crowds (McCullagh, 2002), thus they became a vulnerable mass of ‘isolated and defenceless individuals’ (Williams, 2003). This situation positioned the media in a place where it could easily manipulate the unsuspected audience. That is why the media were used by authoritarian governments, like Hitler’s Nazi Party, for propaganda purposes. They would pass on their ideologies, usually political ones, and the audience would believe them without questioning. People were so passive that they would easily believe anything they would hear on the radio or read in a newspaper. Probably the most famous incident that proves this was the public pa nic that occurred in Los Angeles, when a radio broadcast of a science-fiction book called War of the Worlds was aired in 1938 (McCullagh, 2002). When people heard the broadcast they actually believed that a Martian invasion was happening and some of them tried to escape and save themselves. This incident is a great example of the Hypodermic Needle Theory that existed at the time. This theory parallelises the media as a needle that injects a message straight into the passive audience, which is immediately affected by it (Croteu, Hoynes,1997) and like drug-users lose their control and judgement once they are injected with drugs, so does the audience lose its critical judgement when injected with ideas and beliefs by the media (McCullagh, 2002). As the years passed by though and even more technological developments were invented, like film and television, researchers started to question the traditional effects research of the mass society. New studies and experiments on how the audience interprets media texts resulted to several researchers to conclude that the audience is not passive and vulnerable but instead is an active and differentiated audience consisted of groups or individuals and not masses. This new theory, the Active Audience theory concentrated on how audience interprets and makes meaning of media texts based on several factors, such as gender, age, social background, education, ideals, beliefs or family position (Williams, 2003, McCullagh, 2002). As McCullagh put it ‘media audiences are consisted of different individuals who turn to the media to gratify their needs’ (2002). Gradually new theories were developed that replaced the Hypodermic Needle theory and made it antiquated. Stuart Hall developed the Encoding/Decoding theory in 1973, with which he questioned the traditional effects theory and concentrated more on how ‘the content of media texts is encoded ideologically by the audience’ (Williams, 2003). He suggested that media producers encoded what appeared to be a ‘preferred meaning’ in media messages and then the audience was supposed to understand and decode it (Williams, 2003), thus making the relationship between media and audience more like a collaboration or an interplay. As it was obvious though a media text could not be decoded the same way by everyone, due to people’s differences in several aspects, so he concluded that there were three kinds of decoding a media message: the dominant, the negotiated and the oppositional (Williams, 2003, McCullagh, 2002, Deveraux, 2003). As Williams puts it ‘this model emphasises the interaction between the audience and texts as well as the social context within which such interaction happens ’ (2003). The development of the new theories, not surprisingly, led to debates between the active audience theorists and the traditional effects theorists. The new theory of Uses and Gratifications was an approach to understand how and why people use the media to satisfy certain needs (McCullagh, 2002). In comparison with the Hypodermic Needle theory, the Uses and Gratifications not only does not ignore people’s free will, personality and cultural background (The New Audience Research in Media Studies, http://www.le.ac.uk/oerresources/media/ms7500/mod1unit6/page_02.htm, 05/01/2015), it considers them to be active with the power to choose what media they consume. The audience ‘use programme content for purposes other than what might be predicted from their content’ (McCullagh, 2002), which leads to media producers or industries to compete with each other over who will offer the best way for the users’ needs to be gratified. In that way the audience is definitely not considered a passive one which completely accepts the media’s intended message, as the Hypodermic Needle theory suggested. Nevertheless, the debate between the active audience and the traditional effects theorists still goes on, with some of the researchers arguing that the new active audience approaches are ‘too behaviourist and functionalist’ (McQuail, 2010) and that their conclusions lead to an elimination of media power, which was considered essential for ‘shaping the knowledge, understandings and beliefs of the audience’ (Williams, 2003). Also, Kitzinger(1999) wondered whether the audience’s resistance on media messages, as a form of resistance to the status quo, should be praised, since that way people would also easily reject good messages provided by the media, such as safe sex advertisements or campaigns against violence. Even though audience is not considered a mass of ‘couch potatoes’ (Williams, 2003) anymore, whether we are aware of it or not, we all have some certain beliefs and ideals that have been somehow shaped by different types of media, such as the idea of the perfect body that is being advertised today by several model agencies or women magazines. But that does not mean that people do not have the intelligence to make decisions for themselves about what to believe (Williams, 2003). Despite the on-going criticism by the traditional effects theorists, the new audience researchers developed new methods of studying the audience, which focused more on the qualitative rather than the quantitative approach (Williams, 2003). These methods, referred to as the ethnographic turn in media studies, concentrated more on how people were involved with the media and the research was done mostly with participant observation techniques. Unlike the traditional effects research that used surveys o r questionnaires, researchers spent time with the people they were investigating observing their experiences with the media (Williams, 2003). However, there has been criticism on this approach too. Ruddock (2001), for example noted that ‘ethnography requires participants to make personal feelings public. As a result there is a considerable tendency towards self-censorship’, implying that the conclusions resulting from ethnographic research could not possibly present the real truth from the audiences’ perspective. He also questioned how the research questions could be generated in a way that they would respect the natural world of the audience and be appropriate with the field of study in general (Ruddock, 2001). Even though there are many theories that support each thesis, the debate between the traditional effects studies and the active audience theory has been intense and is still on-going (McCullagh, 2002, Williams, 2003). If we were to think about which conceptualisation would best represent today’s society and people, I would say that the active theories concerning this study, including the Uses and Gratifications and the Encoding/Decoding model, position the audience in an active place, where not only it is not exploited by the media, it can even have power over it. Media producers take people’s preferences into consideration so they can produce what would satisfy their audience more (Williams, 2003, McCullagh, 2002, Deveraux, 2003, McQuail, 2010). And since there are arguments that suppose that media takes over people’s lives thus making them ‘couch potatoes’ in another sense of the term (Williams, 2003) the rebuttal would be that nowadays the audienc e knows what it wants in a way that the different types of media work as e ‘menu’ for them to choose from, in order to satisfy their needs to escape their daily routines, educate themselves or even interact socially (Williams, 2003, McCullagh, 2002). Always based on their individual needs and preferences, which is closer to our modern and liberal society. To sum things up, it is now obvious that the study of the audience has been a big chapter in the book of media studies, with many scholars and academics finding themselves engaging with this study. That explains all the experiments, studies and research that have been conducted on the subject, since it concentrates on two different types of audience, which in relation to the media could easily shape the way our society would work. Whether the media would dominate over the audience or the other way around. Since the debate of the subject is still on-going and the opinions diverge, the answer of which model would be the best cannot be absolute. Maybe a combination of the two could function well in the future, but until then the active audience theory seems to be the one closest to our society’s standards nowadays.

John Proctor and Elizabeths Relationship Essay -- The Crucible John P

John Proctor and Elizabeth's Relationship In the beginning of the play John speaks about Elizabeth once to Abigail. Abby has said that Elizabeth was a cold and sickly wife. John says to her that she has no right to speak of his wife in such a manner and renounces the comment about her being sickly. He does not, although, dismiss Abby's charge that Elizabeth is a cold wife. But, he means it is because of him that she is this way. In the beginning of Act 2 there was a great feeling of detachment and tension in the Proctor household. We see John trying to start a conversation with Elizabeth and she only gives him short answers to please him. Then the tide turns to her questioning him and he is the one that becomes short with her because she is requesting that he go to Salem and confess that Abigail is liar. To do that, though he must confess his sin. During most of the scene they're not sure of each other. She doesn't quite trust him, but she loves him. Proctor believes himself to be an abomination in his own eyes and according to his own high standards and especiall...

The Benefits of Group work in Learning

Group work is an effectual manner of acquisition and cooperation with others, and the purpose is to larn through group cooperation and promote all pupils to take part in the acquisition procedure. This attack is defined in the schoolroom as a group ( Normally 2-6 people ) . The members obtain utile information from each other to widen their cognition and abilities through the cooperation. Besides this method can be helped by reassigning inexplicit cognition to explicit cognition, and derive some satisfaction by ego betterment and competency through the sharing. This essay is traveling to explicate some benefits held from the group work experience, and besides introduce two of import tips of being successful in group work.Benefits:†¢ Group work requires pupils to inquire inquiries and explicate their points of position to others. This non merely assists pupils to increase the chances to use their cognition, but besides enhances their involvement and ability of larning. Furthermor e, it enables them to accept different sentiments, extends their penetrations, and promotes the sustainability and development of thought. †¢ Group work helps to better larning efficiency. That would mention to every member of the group to actively take part in the acquisition procedure and activities, each member should hold great enthusiasm, and learn from undertakings shared by everyone. Besides, it is encouraged that each member should brainstorm, and to show their point of positions. Everyone is besides encouraged to portion their attempts and make their best with the energy created, so the job can be solved. †¢ Group work can heighten the concerted feelings among pupils, and develop pupils ‘ interpersonal accomplishments. Group work is a procedure of interchanging information and cognition between pupils, which refers to the advancement of directing the emotion and senses by pass oning and assisting others, and particularly understanding the civilization differences which refers to different backgrounds. It should be learned that to take attention and assist each other by acknowledging their virtues and besides be tolerant of their defects. Furthermore, it is encouraged to listen with an unfastened head to larn from others and listen to their points of position. This will let each member to incorporate themselves into a corporate squad, and heighten their corporate consciousness. †¢ Group work assists pupils to develop their self-learning ability. Group work involves pupils to take part instead than be bystanders. It encourages the pupil who has mastered a certain cognition and accomplishments to reassign and learn others who do non hold themselves. Students who seek for an outstanding public presentation in group work must carefully larn the category stuff, and read through the text book analyzing its content. Some contents may non be available in current text books, so it encourages pupils to happen information by seeking on the cyberspace, and besides makes some notes. These enterprises improve pupil acquisition, so that it promotes their self-learning abilities. †¢ Group work broadens the learning infinite for pupils. It is a procedure that transfers the single competition to a collaborative group attempt.Tips:†¢ The Panel discussed the content of concerted acquisition, it is non under all status that the group work ever be the best and effectual. For illustration, sometime we can see this sort of state of affairs occurs: when the pupils in the group during concerted acquisition or coverage exchanges, they either say nil or have no consensus understanding but merely organize their subjective points of position. The chief ground this state of affairs occurs is that pupils either do non analyze in-depth and understand the category stuff exhaustively, or have no instance readying. Therefore, pupils should analyze in progress and understand the importance and high spots from the class. In add-on, group work should hold some interesting content, feasibleness, and unfastened enquiry by finding the input of content and clip demands for co ncerted group acquisition. †¢ Do non disregard and avoid the single answerability to believe independently in the concerted group larning. In general, group work in the schoolroom is based on the procedure of this construction, that is 1 ) . Tasks lead the manner, 2 ) .the single independent acquisition, 3 ) .group acquisition, 4 ) .group exchanges, 5 ) .collective rating. In other words, for new cognition, new information, pupils should believe independently, so the deepness of thought, quality and originality can be developed. Through, group acquisition, single sentiments can be released, so everyone in the group has a opportunity to portion the thoughts and result of the treatment ; so the group will sum up each of the information and contents, and study to the whole category by taking a group representative. Finally, the group result can be viewed under rating of the category and by the instructor.Decision:Group work is a concerted acquisition among pupils through exchange in order to accomplish the c omplementary strengths to advance cognition of building, to the full arouse the pupil ‘s subjective consciousness, explore their topic of individualized acquisition, and developing pupils ‘ creativeness and invention. Besides, it makes pupils larn in an unfastened ambiance, and carry out active exchanges of information and cognition ; therefore heightening assurance, advancing for the best pattern of chances. In add-on to developing pupils ‘ sense of competition, the corporate values and spirit of cooperation, so that establishes a corresponding development for different pupils. Wordss count: 805

Sculpture and painting

Sculpture and painting Introduction Sculpture illustrates a three dimensional artwork that is made by combining and/ or shaping materials. Normally, a sculpture is usually made from stone and clay prior to its casting in bronze to give it a brand new outlook. In the modern society, invention of newer materials in conjunction with advanced technology has transformed the face of sculpture art.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Sculpture and painting specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This has seen sculptors using gluing, wiring and welding media to produce sculptures. The first example of sculpture is Sculpture Glass or Bronze. This denotes a frees of painting as artwork form include; body painting masterpieces by artist Joanne Gair as well as Splosh II painting by artist Markus Cellini. These paintings were used to communicate many messages and descriptions to people. Just like any type of artwork, painting is made in order to communicate a vie w. The intended view could be political, personal, and/ or religious. At times, the view could be used to generate emotions in the viewer’s head or heart (Frank Preble, 2010). Conclusion The design principles of painting as an artwork are movement, balance, proportion, emphasis, repetition and rhythm, space, simplicity, unity and contrast. Balance refers to attention, equality of weight and attraction of all elements that form unity. On the other hand, rhythm and repetition defines the act of irregularly and/ or regularly repeating elements. Along the same line of thought, emphasis is the stress given on a single piece of work. Space on the other hand, is the interval measured between objects while simplicity denotes the removal of all non-essential details to portray the essence of an object. Additionally, proportion defines the relationship of two things in number, size, degree or amount while unity shows the relationship between one part and a complete composition. Lastly , contrast shows the difference among elements while Movement is the direction in which the eye follows when a person looks at a piece of art work.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Sculpture and painting specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More References Frank, P. Preble, D. (2003). Artforms: An Introduction to the Visual Arts, Revised (7th Edition). New Jersey: Prentice Hall publisher. Frank, P., Preble, D. (2009). Prebles Artforms (with MyArtKit Student Access Code Card) (9th Edition). New Jersey: Prentice Hall publisher. Frank, P., Preble, S. (2010). Prebles Artforms (10th Edition). New Jersey: Prentice Hall publisher. Heinrich, E., Haeckel, A. Haeckel, E. (1998). Art Forms in Nature: The Prints of Ernst Haeckel (Monographs) New York: Prestel Publishing. Thompson, N. (2012). Living as Form: Socially Engaged Art from 1991-2011. New Jersey: Prentice Hall publisher.

buy custom Passive Smoking essay

buy custom Passive Smoking essay About 90 % of all lung cancers are caused by tobacco use (Jemal, 2005). Lung cancer risk increases depending on the number of cigarettes that one has smoked and the duration of time when one has been smoking. Doctors tend to define this risk in the form of pack-years of an individuals smoking history. They do this by multiplying the number of packets of cigarettes that one smokes per day by the number of years when one has been smoking. Smoking pipe and cigar can also cause lung cancer, although in this case, the risk is not as high as in cigarette smoking. Tobacco smoke is known to contain about 4,000 chemical compounds, some of which have been proven to be carcinogenic or cancer-causing. The two primary carcinogenic chemicals found in tobacco smoke are polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and nitrosamines. When one ceases smoking, the risk of suffering from lung cancer decreases dramatically every yer because damaged cells tend to be replaced by the continually-growing normal lung cells. For former smoker, it takes 15 years for the risk of developing lung cancer to become similar to that of a person who has never smoked. Passive smoking can also cause lung cancer. Non-smokers can become passive smoking by inhaling tobacco smoke produced by smokers. This happens when these non-smokers share working or living quarters with smokers and has become an established risk factor for this type of cancer. According to The American Cancer Society, about 3,000 lung cancer deaths that are reported in the U.S every year are attributed to passive smoking. Lung cancer can also be caused by radon gas, asbestos fibers, familial predisposition, lung diseases and air pollution. When one is exposed to asbestos, asbestos fibers can persist in the lung tissue for a lifetime, especially among individuals who work iin settings where they are exposed to asbestos. Today, use of asbestos for acoustic and thermal insulation is banned or used in limited cases in many countries as a result of the danger of lung cancer that bring to people who work in the asbestos industry. Likewise, exposure to radon gas can increase the risk of getting lung cancer. As for familial predisposition, numerous studies have indicated that lung cancer is likely to occur more among both non-smoking and smoking relatives of people who have suffered from lung cancer compared to the general population. Lung cancer survivors have a higher risk of suffering from the disease for the second time compared to other people. Finally, air population also raises the likelihood of someone suffering from lung cancer according to an observation made by Pope (2002). Experts believe that the lung cancer risk posed by breathing polluted air is similar to the risk caused by passive smoking. Buy custom Passive Smoking essay

The video The End of the Line investigates the issue of over fishing Essay

The video The End of the Line investigates the issue of over fishing of fish species due to illegal catches and surpassed fishing quotas - Essay Example Eventually, the effects of overfishing would be briefly discussed before touching on the economic issues of overfishing. According to the film, commercial overfishing actually started about 50 years ago when advances in technology enabled various fishermen to increase their catch magnanimously. The conventional trawlers and small fishing boats were replaced by huge factory ships which have the capacity to freeze or tin fishes up to the time that their holds are full. Economies of scale are practiced as early as this when these huge factory ships invested the necessary funds to ensure that their catches should be maximized before they would return to the respective ports. Overfishing has debilitating effects on all marine life. As the film emphasized, it initially examined the worrisome extinction of the bluefin tuna and other big fishes due to the increasing demand for sushi. The decrease in the pool of big fishes has the repercussion of increasing the population of jellyfishes. The economic implications of an overpopulation of jellyfishes are follows: there are more losses in terms of revenues for the fishing industry; without fishes there is rampant unemployment; the jellyfishes endangers fishermen and beach goers; and the presence of jellyfishes cause a decline in the prices of the remaining fishes caught. According to Kelly (2010), â€Å"the existence of jelly fish has changed consumer preferences, concerns about the quality of fish has led to a decline in the price of fish, this has resulted as consumers demand less fish given that they fear that the fish may be contaminated with sting venom from jelly fish, therefore this has resulted into a loss of revenue for fishermen who have now decided to exit the fishing industry.† The film has warned viewers that â€Å"scientists predict that if we continue fishing as we are now, we will see the end of most seafood by 2048† (The Film, n.d. par. 8). This

Organizational Change Master Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Organizational Change Master - Essay Example While it has many ramifications including corporate ones that need a greater degree of focus and analysis within the socio-economic environment in which the company operates, there is also the need for a more practical view of the challenges faced by the society. It's here that Unilever has succeeded. Many writers have defined the concept of sustainability in a variety of ways. However the definition given by the World Commission on Environment and Development (WCED) is considered to be of prime importance - "Sustainability represents forms of progress that meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs". Big organizations meet most of these constituent elements in its efforts to sustain the very environment in which they operate. Both the production process and the consumption process in the economy of a country are shaped by the innovative strengths and the subsequent summation of the "five basic sustainability principles" as enunciated by Buckminster Fuller (Dresner, 2002, p.37). They are the material domain, the economic domain, the domain of life, the social domain and the spiritual domain. According to Fuller the material domain is the central principle necessary for the regulation of the mobility of materials and en ergy that help to sustain life as it's. The economic domain serves as a main mechanism to husband wealth.On the other hand organizational change and sustainable development refers to a process in which individuals, processes, practices and whole organizations are transformed from their current position to a new desired position. According to Warren Bennis organizational development and sustainability is a complex strategic process in which attitudes, values, beliefs and the organizational structure are subject to change through adaptation to new challenges and techniques in equally new market segments. In other words it's a dynamic process intended to bring about systemic improvement and change. Thus organizational response to sustainability issues plays a very significant role here. The process of transformation from what an organization now is to a new dimensional growth trajectory is determined by how best change is accepted by the staff. AnalysisDuring the past two decades organizational change and sustainability has become a very important aspect in the modern day management practice. Change is more appropriate when everything else has failed to ensure the continuous survival of the business (Clark, 1999). However change and sustainability in itself might not be desirable when the degree of resistance to change becomes stronger because when resistance gathers momentum that in itself is an indicator of the existence of other solutions. If organizational change and development were focused on improving critical success factors related to financial management, Human Resource Management (HRM), employee relations, supply chain management, quality management, marketing and corporate social responsibility (CSR), then the organization would have to face considerable resistance.In the first

Planning in the Health-Care Setting Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Planning in the Health-Care Setting - Case Study Example Health Information Management was formed by Jackie and Sandra as a partnership firm and consists of 6 other specialists (Elements of a Business Plan). As this market niche has not been identified so there are no competitors at all as yet. Therefore, considerable profits can be reaped but competitors will penetrate in future so the firm should provide cost-effective and premium quality services to retain its market share even in future. Presently, there exists an untapped market niche for home health care personnel and resources. Hence, the firm has an excellent opportunity to cater to the entire industry and establish its monopoly before competitors enter the market .Customers’ expectations and industry standards are based around providing prompt and quality home health care benefits. Market trend seems to suggest growth in future years. Prompt and premium home health care services shall be provided. Price skimming shall be used to reap the maximum profits, as demand for these services is unfulfilled so customers will pay the high prices. The services should be promoted through hospitals and clinics and shall be provided at homes of patients (Crow & Goldstein, 2003). In addition to Jackie and Sandra, the management team is composed of 2 RRAs and 4 ARTs. The principal partners as well as the specialist staff are highly motivated and committed to business growth and betterment. Bryan and others have willingly taken the challenge of providing home health care

Post-war inequalities in British health and education Essay Example for Free

Post-war inequalities in British health and education Essay Poverty or low disposable income often results in an inadequate environment and not only for the obvious lack of resources such as books, pens and paper. Damp housing can have severe effects on health resulting in lower school attendance rates, or low concentration levels if child is often feeling unwell. Not having an allocated area to study is also an important factor. Kellet and Dar (2007) discovered that in low income areas where housing was cramped, children claimed that Television was a distraction from homework because of the noise Other distractions in the home environment were smoking, swearing, banging and loud music. Also that homework clubs were vital to the success of children from disadvantaged families. This study was performed by children, with the guidance and research techniques of sociologists, there for it is perceived as having a deeper and more honest insight in to childrens issues. Other class factors resulting in underachievement may be less obvious. Values differ between class perspectives and affect a childs motivation. Bowes et al (1990, p119) states that working class children are more likely to leave school as soon as they can, to find a steady job. Where as the middle class value differed gratification and Socialise their children in to wanting to remain in education in the hope of a better job when they do leave. This was confirmed by the Child Development survey, which found middle class students staying on at school and achieving better examination results. The Home and The school study (1964) found that the degree of parents interest in their childrens education was the single, most important factor affecting attainment. (Haralambos et al, 2004, p102). It found that Middle class parents visited school more and were generally more interested in their childs education. It also states that an upper middle class child was five times more likely to get in to grammar school than a child from the lower working class. Further more most of the working class pupils who were successful, came from homes where the mothers were sunken middle class. They wanted their children to do well and expressed much parental interest, Bowes et al (1990, p119). This is because parental interest not only has a direct affect on the motivations and values of a child, but also on the school environment. Middle class parents, who often have more spare time and disposable income to invest in fundraising and extra curricular activities, can raise the standards of a school immeasurably. Making school a fun place to be, that is enjoyed by all the family, creates the positive learning environment that children thrive in. Quite understandably most working class parents are to busy earning a crust to find the time and energy to invest in such endeavors and as such adopt an Education is the schools job attitude. It is also understood that language has had a negative affect on the working classs academic attainment. Professor Basil Bernstein has shown that the middle and lower classes use different patterns of speech. He called these patterns linguistic codes. According to Bernstein, most middle class children have been socialised in both restricted and elaborate codes, and are fluent in each. Whereas working class children are limited to the restricted code. Since teachers tend to be middle class and use the elaborate code, working class pupils are placed at a distinct disadvantage. There is also explanation for underachievement to be found in the hidden curriculum of a working class teacher, that is the subliminal messages he passes to children without intention. The cultural depravation theory states that children in the bottom classes are deprived of important values, attitudes, experiences and skills which are essential to educational success, (Haralambos et al, 2004, p102). This has been strongly criticised and there is evidence that if class differences in culture exist, they are slight and of little significance.

Counter Culture of the US Hippie Movement

Counter Culture of the US Hippie Movement What was the counter culture that was created in the USA during the Hippie Movement? Americans were motivated by the Vietnam War, racial injustice, fear of nuclear destruction, and the materialism of capitalist society to start rebelling against authority and start what would be known as the 1960s counterculture. Many were also inspired by people such as John F. Kennedy, Martin Luther King Jr. and Mahatma Ghandi. The Hippie movement started during the 1960s, when young middle class men and women questioned America’s materialism and cultural and political norms. Seeking a better world, the 1960s Hippie movement began, and with it, the counter culture. The counterculture of the 1960s began in the United States as a result of the conservative social norms of the 1950s, the Cold War, and the intervention in Vietnam of the military. The counter culture consisted in questioning political and cultural norms, new music, having religions outside Judeo-Christian tradition, the want for peace, more environmental awareness, changes in attitude about gender roles, less con cern about marriage and physical appearance and the search for a utopian lifestyle. William Braden, a contemporary observer said, the era of the 1960s was an age of Aquarius that heralded a new American identity-a collective identity that will be blacker, more feminine, more oriental, more emotional, more intuitive, more exuberant and better than the old one. The counterculture made American society change; it was a step closer to society as we know it today. As a result of the strict and conservative education that many parents were inflicting in their children in the 1950s, many young people decided to go against social norms and seek for freedom. With this counter culture they seeked change for the society they lived in and for societies of the future. These young people became known as hippies. They also wanted everyone to be free and to be tolerant of other races and cultures. They wanted to live in a peaceful and shared community. Many embraced psychedelic drugs and smoked marijuana in public to go against the authorities. Hippies caused various riots and movement in expensive and reputable universities in order to have more publicity. Movements such as the free speech movement in University of California, Berkeley became an effective way of challenging authorities and get full coverage on the media. Riots were against foreign policies, due to the Vietnam War, their purpose was to make it known that wars were ineffective and not wor th it. This upset many people such as workers, one said, Here were those kids, rich kids who could go to college, didnt have to fight, they are telling you your son died in vain. It makes you feel your whole life is shit, just nothing. Truth is, hippies wanted to make a change, so they rioted and made movements to get their views of freedom, peace and love known. An important factor that was part of the counter culture that the hippies started was music, different kinds of music were beginning to open up to the world during the 1960s as a way to show freedom. Many festivals and concerts took place during the 1960s to reflect this counter culture, the most important one, however, is The Woodstock Music and Art Fair, held in upstate New York in August 1969. For the hippies this meant, three days of generosity, peace, great music, liberation, and expanding consciousness, and for the conservatists of the time it meant three days of self-indulgence, noise, promiscuity, and illegal drug use. The promoters were expecting a lot of people but not the 300,000 to 400,000 people who attended. Rock music and bands were starting to get more popular with groups such as The Beatles which reflected the youths emphasis on change and experimentation. Singers such as Bob Dylan and Janis Joplin who talked about change, freedom and peace in their songs also emphas ized the hippies want for change and freedom. With his song Blowin in the Wind Bob Dylan was able to make protest songs number one hits. Its lyrics say, How many times must the cannonballs fly, before they’re forever banned? †¦How many deaths will it take till he knows that too many people have died? Music was a way of expressing thoughts and this was what the counter culture was all about, people started listening to songs that talked about poverty, war, and everyday issues that hippies wanted to change. Hippies looked for change, this also included change of religion, and they were sick of the traditional Judeo-Christian religion and started to look for other religions that resembled their beliefs. Many hippies converted to religions such as Buddhism, Hinduism and Native American religious culture. They thought that these religions would give them inner peace and it made them stand out and break away from the traditional religion that their parents followed. They looked for meditation, yoga, and mysticism in these religions in order to have a peaceful and calm mind. This was a change because before these religions were only popular in Asia and this was another way for the hippies to reach inner fulfillment. The motto of the Hippie movement, is with no doubts peace, love and freedom. Hippies had anti war protests in many knowned colleges around the United States, such as Berkeley college, or they would protest in front of the White House saying antiwar slogans such as, Hey, hey, LBJ,(referring to Lyndon Baines Johnson the 36th President of the United States) how many kids did you kill today? or chanting Hell no, we won’t go! when security would try to make them leave. The largest anti-war demonstration in history was held when 250,000 people marched from the Capitol to the Washington Monument, once again, showing the unity of youth. There were also anti-war movies such as Dr. Strangelove, directed by Stanley Kubricks this movie ridicules the excesses of the Cold War, and was an anti-war film. Books were not left behind in the anti-war movement. Joseph Heller published Catch-22, a novel about the inanities of the military in World War II. Hippies did not believe in war. They though t that it caused deaths for no reason, since there was no reason to fight for; they believed that everything could be solved by peaceful ways. The counter culture of the 1960s also included a great part of environmental awareness. Many people started to care more about ecology and wanted to find out ways of how to help it. This is due to the work of Marsh and Hà ¤ckel, it made environmental awareness sprout and it achieved environmental reforms being passed. Books also made people more aware of the environment. Rachels Carson’s Silent Spring in 1962 gave an eloquent warning against pesticides and environmental pollution. Rachel Carson said, Like the resource it seeks to protect, wildlife conservation must be dynamic, changing as conditions change, seeking always to become more effective. This message made Americans care more about the Earth and study it more. Environmental concern then became a popular social movement. As a result of the growing concern for the environment and the critiques the government was getting due to the destruction of forests. Many legislative reforms took place in this decade, the most impo rtant and the ones who helped the most were the Wilderness Act of 1964 and the Endangered Species Act of 1967. These acts signaled a new era of environmental consciousness due to the belief that man was not the owner of the earth but was just a guest. The Wilderness Act said that humans were no more than â€Å"visitors† on land, and the Endangered Species Act, alleged that, nonhuman beings were granted the legal right to exist. The 1960s movement for environmental preservation is a confirmation of how aware people became of the environment. Women in the 1950s were expected to be good mothers and wives, but women in the 1960s were the total opposite, they craved for a change in gender roles, to have freedom and will to do what they liked. This desire came with a new decade in which revolution and social change was taking place. Many women started to challenge the authority of their parents by wearing short miniskirts, smoking and drinking in public, much like the flappers of the 1920s, but with the exception that the skirts were much shorter and what they smoked were not only cigarettes. These actions, though they stirred controversy, it was not the greatest challenge against conservatives; women would live openly with men before marriage, and many also joined the work force, as a way to defy traditional ideas. All these women were inspired by Betty Friedans The Feminine Mystique which was a book that was a huge seller, and it helped initiate a renaissance of feminism. The Feminine Mystique argued that women should be al lowed to find their own identity, and not just be limited to the roles of wife and mother. Betty Friedans said, When she stopped conforming to the conventional picture of femininity she finally began to enjoy being a woman. This statement was actually very powerful, since it initiated many women to fight for their right and stand out from the traditional image of being mothers and wives. In 1966, a new organization for woman was created in order to address issues such as having federal aid for day-care centers for working mothers who did not want to leave their babies alone and had no one to care for them. It also guaranteed women the right to an abortion if they did not want to have a baby, and they also worked on eliminating gender-based job discrimination, including equal pay and equal opportunities in labor force. This organization was the National Organization for Women ( NOW.) The 1960s counterculture included the liberation of women and a new found freedom for them, for the f irst time, women were stepping out of traditional ideas and fighting for equality in the work force. The counter culture of the 1960s also initiated a sexual revolution, in which people were much more open about sex and sexual ideas. The pill was put into use during this decade and it assisted the spread of the sexual revolution. The use of other birth control measures, such as diaphragms and IUDs, also increased. The famous magazine Playboy introduced its Playboy Adviser column. This column offered explicit advice and guidance to readers who seeked new and more imaginative ways of having sexual intercourse. Soon, books and magazines started to include sex and sex discussions in their pages. Helen Gurley Brown wrote Sex and the Single Girl, which was a message of female sexual liberation that it later became Cosmopolitan magazine. Plays also played a great part in the sexual revolution, Hair was a rock musical that featured frontal nudity, the play became a hit in New York and it was proof that times were changing. Giving in to change, sex shops were legalized in the 1960s, though t hey were restricted to men, it was still a great change for the time. Many people started to be more open minded, and the idea that a woman would not be able to find a husband if she was not a virgin, became absurd. With people being more open minded about sex, new sexual preferences started to become known such as homosexuals and lesbians. Although they were not fully accepted they started to push for rights and they achieved more than in the past decades. People started to be more casual about sex and less uncomfortable in discussing it. Before the 1960s the word pregnant was forbidden on television. The sexual revolution was a huge part of the 1960s counter culture, because most of the changes that occurred in that time were because of this revolution. Though The â€Å"Summer of Love† took place over thirty yearsago, its message is still significant and crucial to know and understand about the 1960s counterculture that the hippies incited. We get an idea of this with Abbie Hoffmans words, she said : â€Å"We are here to make a better world. No amount of rationalization or blaming can preempt the moment of choice each of us brings to our situation here on this planet. The lesson of the 60†²s is that people who cared enough to do right could change history. We didn’t end racism but we ended legal segregation. We ended the idea that you could send half-a-million soldiers around the world to fight a war that people do not support. We ended the idea that women are second-class citizens. We made the environment an issue that couldn’t be avoided. The big battles that we won cannot be reversed. We were young, self-righteous, reckless, hypocritical, brave, silly, headstrong and scared half to death. And we were right.† â€Å"Counterculture of the Sixties†- North Hagerstown High School A.P. U.S. History http://library.thinkquest.org/27942/counter.htm Primary source: Haight-Ashbury Maverick, â€Å"Notes to Tourists: Roll Down Your Windows,† newspaper article, 1967.

The Black Death Essay -- Diseases, Disorders

The Black Death was an extensive epidemic that spread across Europe from 1346 to 1353, killing over an estimated one-third of Europe’s entire population (Medieval World 56). Although historians are not entirely sure of its origin, the Black Death spread quickly across both Europe and Asia with a death toll that augmented rapidly. The plague also had unusual and deadly symptoms, causing â€Å"panic everywhere, with men and women knowing no way to stop death except to flee from it† (Kohn 28). The chaos created by the malevolent force of the Black Death impacted the society of Europe as a whole. Despite the extent of the Black Death, we know surprisingly little of it (Cartwright and Biddiss 38); however, historians have presented numerous theories of its origin and spread, uncovered records of deaths, symptoms and other characteristics, and have found political records, art, and other documents recalling the plague and its impact on Europe. During the early 1320s, the bacterium Yersinia pestis (Zahler 22-25) that causes bubonic plague erupted in the Gobi Desert along trade routes possibly because of the previous Ice Age uncovering the prehistoric bacteria (Nox). The plague then quickly traveled through merchants along the Silk Road and Black Sea, spreading to both China and possibly India (Zahler 31-32). In 1347 the plague reached parts of Sicily, Marseilles, Alexandria, and Constantinople through trade, starting the period of the Black Death in Europe (138-141); however, some records also have shown that the plague was spread from Russia to Genoa to Italy, France, and Germany in 1348 through warfare from the Tartars (Cartwright and Biddiss 36-37). The Black Death then continued to spread across Europe until 1352 when the period of the ... ... (53). Works Cited Byrne, Joseph P. The Black Death. Wesport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 2004. Cartwright, Frederick F. and Michael D. Biddis, George Child. Disease and History. New York: Thomas Y. Crowell Company, 1972. Corbishley, Mark. The Midieval World. New York: Peter Frederick Books, 1993. Kohn, George Child. Encyclopedia of Plague and Pestilence from Ancient Times to the Present. New York: Facts on File, 2001. Macdonald, Fiona. The Plague and Medicine in the Middle Ages. Milwaukee, Winsconsin: World Almanac Library, 2006. Midieval World. 1. Danbury, Connecticut: Brown Patworks Limited, 2001. Nox, E.L. Skip. "The Middle Ages: The Black Death." boisestate.edu. Boise State University, 1995. Web. 13 Feb 2012. . Zahler, Diane. The Black Death. Minneapolis: Twenty-First Century Books, 2009.

MBA Answers

Explain the different activity levels of Management? A: The management of an Industry can be sub-divided Into the following different level: 1. Top Management: It consists of the board of directors and the principal offers such as the chief executive managing director and the others concerned with the general operation as distinct from some functional specialization. They are the ultimate level of authority in the operation of the enterprise. They set the objectives fine the goals, establish the policies, see the policies are put into effect and Judge the results.Livingston has described the top management's actual operation by listing it as follows: a: Decision- Making I) Origination versus confirmation or veto ii) Planning 1. Setting of goals What, How, Much, at what price, when and where. 2. Mechanism a) Process b) Structural organization and co-ordination c) Appointment of key personnel â€Å"I) Ponca 1) Definition General versus specific 2) Integration v) Implementation 1) Rele ase of authority ) Financial 1) Selection of types of funds to be secured 2) Dilutions of profit.B) Judicial I) Comparison of accomplishment with goal ii) Evaluation 1. Of accomplishment with the cost 2. Of alternative possibilities iii) Counsel In place of decision or command There are certain behavioral characteristics of top level executives given below: I. Drive pure physical energy is an absolute necessity n. A strong desire to become the top man â€Å"l. A willingness to work for long hours projecting an Image of success v. Management's effectiveness

An evaluation of the possible methods of water provision in Northern Nigeria. The WritePass Journal

An evaluation of the possible methods of water provision in Northern Nigeria. INTRODUCTION An evaluation of the possible methods of water provision in Northern Nigeria. INTRODUCTION1.1  PURPOSE AND SCOPE OF REPORT.1.2  Background to the Development of a Water Supply Policy.1.3 The Water Situation of the region2.0 PRESENTATION OF OPTIONS.2.1 Introduction of options.3.0 REQUIREMENTS4.0 COMPARISON OF THE POSSIBLE METHODS OF WATER PROVISIONS.4.1 Groundwater4.2 Imported Water.4.3 Rainwater harvesting5.0 CONCLUSIONS6.0 LIMITATION7.0 RECOMMENDATIONSReferencesRelated INTRODUCTION Preliminary from the analysis already held by most academic that water should be regarded as an economically and socially significant. This report presents some of the accounts undertaken by a group of both international and local academicians for the possible methods of water provision to the arid region of northern Nigeria. 1.1  PURPOSE AND SCOPE OF REPORT. The main objectives of this report are: To examines and evaluates the possible methods of water provision to the arid region of northern Nigeria. Offers some recommendation for water policy about the most reliable methods of water provision, thereby describing; clarifying the Changes that need to be made. 1.2  Background to the Development of a Water Supply Policy. The climatic condition of the north eastern part of  Nigeria  is such that it is not easy for yearly and other plants to produce due to limiting factors as water (Oxford Business Group, 2010). The northern region, specifically the northeast arid district of northern Nigeria according to Bermingham (2000) is monopolised by a low annual rainfall determined in only three months. The average annual rainfall in the northern Nigeria ranges from 500-750 millimetres and it always not the same; is extremely unpredictable, due to the fact that most of it falls as severe, often with, extreme variability, storms (Mathews 2002), In other, the vegetation is sparse and the grasses are very short. Precisely, according to the SLGP consultant’s report  carried out by Fullbrook et al in the year 2005, they made the emphases that Kano State of the northern Nigeria don’t have a policy for water and therefore there are needs for improving the sustainable provisions of water .Furthermore, they claimed that the water supply condition in Kano State is poor and has been deteriorating for many years in both the urban and rural areas due to speedy in the population growth and ineffective attitudes to water supply provision, combined with inadequate funding. Inadequate supply has enormous effects for the health of the inhabitants. Water is ostensibly free in rural areas but people in urban areas are charged for it. Also because the the approach of the government towards water supply has always been top down with no input into planning decisions from citizens. Water supply has factually been viewed by a large part of the population and by many politicians as a social service (Fullbrook, et al 2005) 1.3 The Water Situation of the region The population of the states in the northern region of Nigeria are growing rapidly. According to Fullbrook et al (2005), precisely in the Kano state, the population and the water supply statistics state one of the northern states of Nigeria. As of the calculations presented in the table, 44% of the population has access to potable water. Therefor the table according to them specifies that  Ã‚  in the order of 4.8 million to 6.7 million people in Kano State are don’t have enough water supply as shown on the table below: Table 1: Population and Water Supply Statistics S/No. Objects Low Value High Value 1 Estimated total state population 8,600,000 12,000,000 2 Population outside of Greater Kano (75%) 6,450,000 9,000,000 3 Greater Kano area population (1-2) 2,150,000 3,000,000 4 Semi-urban population (30% of 2) 1,935,000 2,700,000 5 Rural Population (2-4) 4,515,000 6,300,000 6 Population served Greater Kano (50%) 1,075,000 1,500,000 7 Population not served Greater Kano area 1,075,000 1,500,000 8 Population served semi-urban (50%) 967,500 1,350,000 9 Population not served semi-urban 967,500 1,350,000 10 Population served rural (39%) 1,760,000 2,457,000 11 Population not served rural 2,754,000 3,843,000 12 Total population serve 3,803,000(44%) 5,307,000(44% 13 Total population not served 4,797,000 6,693,000 2.0 PRESENTATION OF OPTIONS. 2.1 Introduction of options. The distinctive roles of the methods for the provision thereby dealing with the issue of lack of water in the northern part of Nigeria are slated below; such are: Ground water. Imported water and Rainwater Harvesting. 3.0 REQUIREMENTS The possible methods of water provision to the arid region of northern Nigeria were compared according to the following criterias; Cost Ease of use Water quality Quantity of water produced. 4.0 COMPARISON OF THE POSSIBLE METHODS OF WATER PROVISIONS. 4.1 Groundwater One of the possible methods of water provision to the semi-arid region of the northern Nigeria is the groundwater. According to Mather (2004) He pointed out that the groundwater methods is predominantly a good and unresolved choice for sustainable water provisions in the northern Nigeria. Furthermore, Adelana and Macdonald in 2008 and Alley in 1993, they made the significant claimed that the achievement of a maintainable supply, planning is need which required the hydrological and hydrogeological data on the water demand and the other socio-economic conditions such as the cost of drilling pomp and other materials-the development of under group water required some processes the quality will be affected if not follow one after the other. 4.2 Imported Water. Furthermore, the imported water should be one of the possible of method of water provision. According to Gratzfeld and et al in 2003, they stated that the use of boreholes pumps with hand pumps, canals, pipeline, and tankers has increased the opportunity for rural areas that lack water supply. And this has good effects on such activities like, agricultural activities like irrigation has been a major means of these methods. An obvious conclusion from the work of   Ã‚  Arlosoroff (1984) is that historically, the hand pump maintenance has been managed in many different ways, though with little exclusion, some initiative has been made mainly just to repair the pump once it has damaged down rather than to carry out a scheduled preventive maintenance. Pump reliability (availability) depends on both the frequency of breakdowns and the length of time for which the pump is out of service each time it needs attention. 4.3 Rainwater harvesting Rain water is the seizure of precipitation for human use close to where it drops before it goes down into the ground (Thomas and Ford, 2000). Domestic Rainwater harvesting (DRWH), a sub-set of rainwater harvesting is usually manifest as roof run-off harvesting because ground overflow is too dirty for safe human drinking (Thomas, 2000) and Audu (1999) the rain water harvesting is usually motivated by its surface supplies, thereby in a case where pipeline water provisions and ground water are not available there is tendency for each and every home in the community to practices the rainwater harvesting method. However according to Marson (2006) in Kaplan (2011) the water can be hazardous due to some pollutant such as dust, bird dropping and some atmospheric constituents. Therefor this method is cheap, easy but not that good. 5.0 CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, water has been one of the most problems of the northern Nigeria; however there are three possible methods of supplying water to the semi-arid region of northern Nigeria mentioned and analysed in this report and these methods are compared in terms of such issues as cost, ease of use, quality and quantity of the water. 6.0 LIMITATION Because of the limitation in terms of the word count this report was unable to express visibly the detail explanation of the requirements and the comparison of options.    7.0 RECOMMENDATIONS In view of   all the requirements in providing water to the arid region, it could be seen that the most reliable and affordable methods is the rain water harvesting, reason being that in the northern Nigeria there are large population with low cost of living and their major occupation is agriculture. In the dry season, majority of the plants and animals die, probably due to lack of water. Sotherefor, rainwater harvesting should be the best options during the rainy season. However the rain water can be impure and easily contaminated due to the effects of environmental hazards. Finally, for a good quality of water, government, and other bodies should intervene in the imported water method since the people don’t have enough finance. References Adelana, S., and MacDonald, M. (2008) Applied Ground studies in Africa, IAH Seleted Papers on Hydrogeology, 13. Balkema: CRS Press. Alley, M.(1993) Regional Ground-Water Quality. New York: John Willey and Sons. Arlosoroff, S. (1984) Rural Water Supply Handpumps Project. World Bank Technical report No.29. Bermingham, S. (2000) Changing Environments. Oxford: Heinemann. Fullbrook,J., et al (2005) Development of a Water Supply Policy for Kano State Government. Retrieved 7th April 2011, slgnigeria.org/uploads/file/106.pdf. Gratzfeld, J., et al (2003) Extractive Industries in Arid and Semi-Arid Zones: Environmental Planning and Management. Cambridge: IUCN. Mather,J., (2010) 200 Years of British hydrogeology. Bath: Geological Society. Mathew,M., (2002) Nigeria: Current Issues and Historical Background. New York: Nova Publishers. Thomas, D., and Ford, R. (2005) The Crisis of Innovation in Water and Waste Water. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing.